Ramses II is primarily known for which achievement?

Ramses II, often referred to as Ramses the Great, is renowned for his significant achievement in signing the first known peace treaty in history. This treaty was concluded between Egypt and the Hittite Empire after a prolonged conflict known as the Battle of Kadesh. The treaty is notable not only for its historical significance but also for being one of the earliest examples of diplomatic resolution between two great powers.

While Ramses II did indeed contribute to monumental architecture, including impressive temples and monuments such as those at Abu Simbel, the defining achievement that stands out in historical records is his role in establishing peace through diplomacy. This peace treaty, known as the Treaty of Kadesh, is preserved on a stela and exemplifies the complexities of international relations in the ancient world.

The other options, while they reflect aspects of ancient Egyptian culture and achievements, do not capture the primary historical significance associated with Ramses II as powerfully as his role in signing this groundbreaking treaty. Therefore, the recognition of Ramses II’s diplomatic achievements underlines the importance of peace in governance and statecraft during his reign.