The concept of samsara refers to which process?

Samsara is a fundamental concept in several Indian religions, including Hinduism and Buddhism, and it refers specifically to the continual process of rebirth through the transmigration of souls. This cycle encompasses the ongoing cycle of life, death, and rebirth, where souls are reincarnated into new bodies based on their karma from previous lives. The cycle continues until one achieves liberation (moksha or nirvana), which means breaking free from the cycle of samsara.

This understanding of samsara emphasizes the interconnectedness of life and the moral weight of one's actions, as each life’s circumstances are shaped by the choices made in previous lives. Recognizing this cyclical nature allows individuals to contemplate their actions and the impact they have on future existences.

The other options outline concepts that are not aligned with the definition of samsara. Economic cycles, spiritual enlightenment, and linear life stages speak to different aspects of human experience and philosophy, but they don’t capture the essence of samsara as it pertains to the cyclical aspect of life and rebirth.