What is a major criticism of Legalism?

Legalism, a philosophical system that emerged during the Warring States period in ancient China, is primarily characterized by its emphasis on strict laws and harsh punishments. The major criticism of Legalism is that it can lead to tyranny and oppression. This is due to the belief that human nature is inherently selfish and requires strict control through laws. As a result, Legalist rulers may impose severe punishments for even minor infractions in an effort to maintain order and control over the populace.

This heavy-handed approach can create a society where people live in constant fear of punishment, leading to a repressive environment. Critics argue that such an emphasis on law and order potentially strips individuals of their rights and freedoms, creating a government that prioritizes control over compassion or ethical governance. This concern about the potential for tyranny stems from the historical implementations of Legalist principles, particularly during the Qin Dynasty, which is often cited as a prime example of how Legalism can manifest in governance.

The other criticisms, while relevant to discussions of governance and philosophy, do not encapsulate the primary issues associated with Legalism. For instance, Legalism does have a conceptual basis rooted in a particular understanding of human behavior and societal order, and its focus is more on law than on personal morality