What resulted from the combined effects of the Hyksos invasion and the leadership of pharaohs like Ahmose I?

The combined effects of the Hyksos invasion and the leadership of pharaohs like Ahmose I led to the strengthening of central authority in Egypt. When the Hyksos invaded and controlled parts of Egypt, they introduced new technologies and military tactics, which were later adopted and adapted by the Egyptians. Ahmose I, who ultimately expelled the Hyksos, played a pivotal role in re-establishing Egyptian sovereignty and unifying the country once more.

His successful military campaigns not only restored Egyptian rule but also fostered a renewed sense of nationalism and centralized power, as he became emblematic of the unification of Egypt. This period marked the beginning of the New Kingdom, during which pharaohs centralized their government, expanded their territories, and reinforced their authority over Egypt.

While other options present possibilities linked to a broader context of this period, such as trade networks expanding due to military conquests, the primary and immediate outcome of this leadership and the expulsion of the Hyksos was the consolidation of power and authority under the pharaohs.