What was a major consequence of climate change in ancient Mesopotamia?

Declining food production is indeed a major consequence of climate change in ancient Mesopotamia. This region, often referred to as the cradle of civilization, relied heavily on agriculture, particularly the cultivation of crops like barley and wheat. When climate change led to unpredictable weather patterns, such as extended droughts or flooding, this directly impacted the ability to grow sufficient food.

The agricultural system in Mesopotamia was highly dependent on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for irrigation, which made rainfall patterns crucial for successful harvests. When climate conditions altered, it resulted in reduced crop yields, leading to food shortages. This decline in food production had a cascading effect on society, contributing to increased competition for resources, migration, and even social unrest as populations struggled to sustain themselves.

While expansion of empires, increased trade, and technological advancement can be influenced by various factors, the immediate and direct impact of climate change on food supplies stands out in the historical context of ancient Mesopotamia.