Which philosophical movement emerged from the teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?

The philosophical movement that emerged from the teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle is Rationalism. This approach emphasizes the role of reason as the primary source of knowledge and understanding. Socrates introduced critical thinking and the Socratic method, focusing on dialogue and questioning to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas. Plato, a student of Socrates, built on these ideas by exploring the realm of ideals and forms, emphasizing that true knowledge comes from the rational understanding of these forms rather than sensory experience. Aristotle, Plato's student, further developed rationalist thought by creating a systematic approach to the study of various disciplines, positing that knowledge begins with sensory experience but is refined and elevated through rational thought and logical deduction.

In contrast, empiricism, which focuses on knowledge acquisition through sensory experience, is not derived from the Socratic tradition. Similarly, Stoicism, which emphasizes personal ethics informed by a system of virtue and alignment with nature, and Existentialism, which explores individual existence and personal freedom, arose later and take very different philosophical stances. Thus, the lineage from Socrates to Aristotle clearly supports rationalism as the correct answer.