Which philosophical system emphasizes moral integrity and exemplary conduct from rulers?

Confucianism is the philosophical system that emphasizes moral integrity and exemplary conduct from rulers. Founded by Confucius during the 5th century BCE in China, this system advocates for the idea that rulers should be virtuous and lead by moral example. The belief is that a morally upright leader will inspire his subjects to behave in a similarly virtuous manner, thereby creating a harmonious and well-ordered society.

Confucian thought places great emphasis on the importance of ethics, familial respect, and the cultivation of one's character. The concept of "ren," or humaneness, is central to Confucianism, highlighting the necessity of moral qualities such as kindness, respect, and benevolence in leadership. Hence, Confucianism directly ties the morality of rulers to the stability and prosperity of the state.

While Taoism also offers insights into governance, it tends to focus more on living in harmony with the Tao, or the way of nature, rather than on strict moral standards for rulers. Legalism, on the other hand, prioritizes law and order over moral character, emphasizing strict adherence to laws and severe punishments to maintain social order, thus diverging from the ideal of moral integrity. Buddhism, while it does promote ethical conduct,