Who developed the heliocentric model of the universe during the scientific revolution?

The heliocentric model of the universe, which posits that the sun is at the center of the universe with the Earth and other planets orbiting around it, was developed by Nicolaus Copernicus during the scientific revolution. Copernicus published his groundbreaking work, "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres," in 1543, presenting a radical shift from the prevailing geocentric model, which placed the Earth at the center. His theory laid the foundation for future astronomers, challenging long-held beliefs and eventually leading to significant advancements in our understanding of the cosmos.

While figures like Kepler, Galileo, and Newton made essential contributions to astronomy and physics, they built upon Copernicus's initial ideas. Kepler formulated the laws of planetary motion based on observations, Galileo used the telescope to provide evidence supporting the heliocentric model, and Newton later explained the gravitational forces that govern planetary orbits. However, it was Copernicus who first articulated the heliocentric theory, making him the pivotal figure in this scientific revolution.