Who was Socrates and what method is he known for?

Socrates was a pivotal figure in Western philosophy, often regarded as one of the founding figures of the discipline. He is best known not only for his contributions to ethical philosophy, but also for the distinctive method of inquiry and discussion that bears his name—the Socratic method. This approach involves asking a series of questions to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas. Rather than providing answers outright, Socrates would engage his interlocutors in dialogue, prompting them to think deeply about their beliefs and the validity of their reasoning.

This method has influenced educational practices and is foundational in the art of dialectical reasoning. It encourages a more profound understanding through exploration and discussion, rather than rote memorization or acceptance of established norms. Socrates' emphasis on questioning and dialogue marks a significant shift from earlier philosophical traditions, which were often more dogmatic.

The other options do not accurately represent Socrates's contributions or areas of expertise. For instance, he was not involved in mathematics or poetry in a significant way that would categorize him as a mathematician or a poet. Additionally, he is not associated with the scientific method, which developed much later and is distinct from his philosophical inquiries.